Maryland Fine Art Prints

By Jacqueline LaRocca

Sunset Pier at Dogwood Harbor

Long Wharf Park

History of Maryland

Maryland’s history began in 1632, when King Charles I granted a charter to Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. Two years later, settlers arrived aboard the Ark and the Dove, establishing St. Mary’s City as the first capital.

Because Lord Baltimore envisioned a haven for English Catholics, Maryland became one of the few colonies to promote religious tolerance early on.

Maryland Toleration Act

In 1649, the Maryland Toleration Act legally protected Christian denominations, although tensions between Catholics and Protestants persisted.

As the colony grew, tobacco farming fueled its economy, relying heavily on indentured servants and, increasingly, enslaved Africans. Then, during the late 1600s, Maryland transitioned from proprietary to royal control, reflecting broader shifts in colonial governance.

Despite these changes, Maryland maintained a distinct identity, shaped by its Chesapeake Bay geography and diverse population.

American Revolution

When the American Revolution erupted, Maryland played a pivotal role. In 1776, the “Maryland 400” bravely delayed British forces at the Battle of Brooklyn, allowing George Washington’s army to escape.

Because of their sacrifice, Maryland earned the nickname “The Old Line State.” Afterward, Maryland ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1788, becoming the seventh state.

19th Century

During the 19th century, Maryland’s position as a border state created deep divisions. Although it remained in the Union during the Civil War, many citizens sympathized with the Confederacy.

Then, in 1861, President Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in Maryland to prevent secession. Despite internal conflict, Maryland contributed troops to both sides and endured the war’s hardships.

Emancipation

Following emancipation, Maryland slowly modernized. Its cities—especially Baltimore—expanded with industry, immigration, and infrastructure.

Meanwhile, African Americans fought for civil rights, facing segregation and discrimination well into the 20th century. Eventually, landmark legal cases and grassroots activism helped dismantle Jim Crow laws.

Modern Times

Today, Maryland reflects a blend of colonial heritage and modern innovation. From the historic streets of Annapolis to the research hubs near Washington, D.C., the state continues to evolve.

Conclusion

Ultimately, Maryland’s history reveals a story of resilience, diversity, and transformation—shaped by its geography, its people, and its enduring role in the American experiment.

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